Can I raid a player from my alliance that was kicked out due to inactivity?

That's depend on your alliance rules. If there is no restriction you can attack!

You can, but if they've been inactive then they've probably been hit by enemy players more than once, which means their base's defensive walls are likely damaged--and if those walls are damaged, then as soon as they're kicked out, their base will be teleported to a random spot on the map

But if you can find them then they're fair game & you will be able to attack them like any other player not in your alliance